RISK FACTORS FOR STUNTING AMONG 0-23 MONTH OLD CHILDREN IN BALI, WEST JAVA AND EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCES IN INDONESIA

The study was carried out with the purpose to explore the risk factors of stunting among 0-23 month old children in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The data was gathered from Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Research) 2010, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Bali, West Java and NTT were selected because they are categorised as having mild, moderate and severe levels of stunting among children aged less than five years respectively. Backward regression logistic was applied to analyse risk factors for stunting. A total of 1554 children aged 0-23 months were selected in the analysis. Prevalence of stunting in Bali, West Java and NTT was 35.9%, 31.4% and 45.0%, respectively. The risk factors for stunted children were low birth weight (OR= 2.21, 95%CI= 1.006-4.860), mother �s height less than 150 cm (OR= 1.77, 95%CI= 1.2052.594), poor sanitation (OR= 1.46, 95%CI= 1.0102.126) and pre-lacteal feeding (OR= 1.47, 95%CI= 1.000-2.154). The qualitative evaluation of macro factors demonstrated that low coverage of four pillars of Safe Motherhood (50%) and high hard physical labour among women in NTT may affect the highest LBW prevalence (19.2%) and may lead to the highest stunting prevalence (45.0%). Lower coverage of handled obstetric complications in Bali (38.54%) than in West Java (64.86%) and higher hard physical labour among women in Bali than women in West Java may affect the higher LBW prevalence in Bali (12.1%) than in West Java (10.9%). Higher LBW problem may lead to higher stunting in Bali, compared to West Java. In conclusion, low birth weight (LBW) is a dominant risk factor for stunting among 0-23 month old children in Bali, West Java and NTT Provinces.

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