DIETARY VITAMIN D, CALCIUM AND BODY FAT AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA

With the purpose to explore the relationship between dietary vitamin D, calcium and percentage of body fat in a group of adolescents, this cross-sectional study was carried out with 68 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years old; 37 girls (54.4%) and 31 boys (45.6%). Vitamin D was assessed by two non-consecutive-24 hour dietary recalls, calcium intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) and percentage of body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). BIA measurements were taken at least 2 hours after meals. The mean age was 13.2 � 0.4 years. Mean daily vitamin D and calcium intake was 5.1 + 3.9 �g and 539.8 + 487.6 mg, respectively. The qualitative evaluation of the diet demonstrated that the main sources of calcium consumed by most adolescents were tofu, tempeh and sweetened condensed milk. Adolescents more often consume egg as a source of vitamin D that has less vitamin D content than fish. Mean percentage body fat was 23.1 + 5.7 %. Negative correlations were found between body fat and vitamin D intake (r = -0.28, p= 0.019) and between body fat and calcium intake (r = -0.39; p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, vitamin D intake showed a negative correlation with body fat, adjusted by energy intake (β = -0.438, 95%CI: -0.78, -0.09, p = 0.012). In conclusion, it was found a negative relationship between vitamin D intake and body fat in adolescents.

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